Refrigeration



Dec. 10, 1929. B. c. von PLATEQ ET AI. i173'36'78 REFRIGERATIGN Original Fi1ed Jude s. 1927 Patentecl Dec. i 0, 1929 u mrEb STATES.PATENT ann BAJ'IZASR. 01m1. vor: PLATEN', CARL GEORG mmmns, min: s1c+unn "ZMIA'11IAS' GORIORATION O15. DELAWARE hEFRIGEM'IION Original .pplication filed Inne s, 1927, Seiial m. 196,179, am! in Snden June 9,-1926.- D1vided anti um applicatiou filed Euch 31928. Serial m. 253,963.

. This application is adivision of co-pending application Serial N0. 196,179 filed J une 3, 1927, which has matured into Pgltent Number 1,711,553.

Our invention relates to the a1t of refrigeration and relates particularly t that type of al5sorptiofl system wherein a constant total pressure is maintained throughout. In such a system, refrigeration is usually eflected by the difl'usion ofi the refrigerant into a gas which is inert with respect to the refrigerant. In apparati cf this typ6, there is usual'ly an exce's's of undifiused amm'onia leaving the evapor.tor. It is diflicult tos upply just the the invention is embodied; and Fig. 2 shows ai1othj'ar application of the in-- right amount of fluid to a system of this'type for complete diffusion with'out any liquid refrige rant leaving the evaporator. The present inventimi contemlalates an excess of liquid refrigerant leaving the evaporator. proper and the subsquent utilization 0f the latent heat ofvaporization of such excess.

One object of the preserit invention is the utilization of excess undifl'used' liquid refri2erant to obtain. 10W preslsure in the system. This und other objects of the invention Will be appaient-from the following description.

011 the accomp nringdrawingsz Fig. 1 Shows moi="e 0r diagrammatially anabsorption system in which one form of vention wherein a" different arrangement of parts is used.

Referring more particularly to F ig. 1, ref erence character 1 designates a gen ator wherein is contained the refrigeraiit 0r cooling agegnt* in sqlution in an absprbing liqu'd. F01 convenience in reference let it Be assumed that the rfrigerant is ammonia. and' the absorption liquid is water. Generator 1 is heated in any convenient way, as for instance, by1the electrical resistanoe -coil 9. Thejgheat thus applied to the generator und its cdnte;its drives the ammonia. out of solu- "fi11i011. The galseous ammonia asses upwardth rugh ohduit 10 to the air-cooled rectionradiator 2 Where any entrained vv'ater per is cn densed und flows by gralvity back t h egenfatqr. Theammonia vapor free "evaporator.

from wa ter passes into condeiiser 3: where' it ig c0o led by coolingwater or dther means sind 1s l1quefied. Th liquid ammonia flows downwardly through condensr 3 to the up-- per If art of the primary evap0rator 4 vghich' is the regular or ordinary evaporator of the a gas inert with respect to ammonia, for 1 nstance hydrogen, also entersthe top of the.

evaporator 4 through condu'it17. The ammon ia difluses intothe hydrogen, 'producing refngeration. Diflusion anfl evaporation in the evapor ator are aided by 'disks6 placed therein. r

The mixture of ammonia and hydrogen formed in the evaporator has a greater specific weight than theielatively pure hydrogen which enters the evaPorator at the top through conduit 17. Heime the 'mi xture of gaseous ammonia and hydrogen und excess liquid ammonia that hs not eVapora.ted passesi downwardly through the evaporatpr 4 ai 1d through conduit 37 to n vessel 5 situa.ted below primary evaPo rator 4 v;vhich'will herninaftr be referred to as the secondary Within the seco'ndaryevaporator 5 is a series of diskS 39 whicha id in-the complete evappration of the liquid ammonia which enters the vessel. This (evaporation absorbs heat from-hydrogen in vessel l4as Will be explain6d more fully later. The g.seous mixture of ammonia und hydrogen asses out fiom -the bottom o f the seco'ndary evaporator 5 through 'conduit 15 'to the lower part o f absorber 6. Absorption liquid which contai-ns but .little ammoma in solution enters the top of the absorber 6 through condu it 11 and falls down over disks 40 placed within the absorber and comes in contact with the ammonia-hydrogen mixture. The ammonia is bsorbed by the absorption liquid and the hydrogen rcmains. This comparatively pure hydrogen is -lighter. than the ammonia-hydrogen m1xture and passes upwardly through the absorber and through conduit 16 to the bo ttom of cooling vessel 14 und thence through conduit 17 to the top of culation foi hydfogeri of which there is adownleg in the eva'p0rators und conduit 37 'and an up-leg in the absorber und conduit 17,

the heavier specific gravity of fluids in the down-leg serving to cause continuous circua'mgnonia in the secondaryevaporator as it,

diffuses into hydrogen therein. Fins 13 ar e suppli'ed on the secondary evaporator 5 to increas the rate of heat transfqr f1om' the, hydrogen. 'In order to pr6vent ziccumulation of water in ves sel 14 which may be entrained with hydrogn passin,through co riduit 16, a small drain conduit 42 is connectedbetween vessel 14 und c0nduit 15. Water condensate intut e abs0rber. I v

The absorption;liquid which contains ammonia in solutio xi passes out of the bottofn of absorbei 6l throughconduit 12, a Portion of which is ar'ranged as a Coil 8 arouud the he;.it-

i n ve sel 14 flows through conduifs 42 und ing element 9 so as .to form a thermo-siphon.

Thistherino-siphdn causes the liquid to flow upwardly through conduit 12 fromWhich it is dischairged into the upper part pf the gene;at0r 1 at a lev'el of liquid above that 1haim tained iuthe absorber 6. In the genepator the 'auunonia is driven out of solutionas prevlously described and thus completes its cycle.

The abs'orptiof1 liquid flows downwardly through the generillor and tlirough conduit 11 to the top of the absorber a nd thus its cycle ig;compltcd. This flow ofthe absorption liquidts'zkes place because thq thermo-siphon pnember 8 ma intains level 0f liquid in the generato'r abovie the point of discha1;ge from conduit 11 into the absorber 6. Conduits 11 und 12 may be arrangd in heat-exchange relation as at 7,.so that the bot liquid which comes' from the generator' will be cboled before it enters"the absorber while at the safi1e time the relatively cold liquid which comes from the absorber is heated hef0re it enters the thermo-siphon. .Coling wate1 for the absorbex: and condenseir is supplied throughcondmt 50, passes through jacke't 5l,'thence through kionduit 52, through jacket 53 0f the Condenser undv out through conduit 54.

for t-his purpose as disclosed in the patent above refeprgd t0. By using the latent haut of vaponzatmn, a greatercooling vefl"ect can be obtail'ied than with merely tyansfer of the heat of gas.

Cousidering the members 4 and 5 as one comb1nqd unit, it might be said that the hydio'gen passe; in heat exchange relation with pper part of the evaporator.

1,73ge7g a portion of the outlet end of tl1e evaporator before entering the evaporator. Conduit 37 constitutes a colder portion of theevaPorator as a, whole tha n the actual outlet end.

The cycles of Operation 0f the apparatus showp in Figx 2 are, in general, similar 150 those described ab0ve. Gaseous ammonia passes from the generator .1 through conduit 10 and rectifiei 2 into condenser 3. The liquid arnmonia, which leaves the condenser divides, however, and a small Proportion thereof flows through a narrow conduit23 directly to secondary evaporator 5 while the rmainder flows to e'vaporafior 4. E-vaporation of the ammonia takes plz'1ce in the eyaporator in the same manner as described in connection with Fig. l. The ammonia-hydr0gen mixture and any liquid mmonia. that has not evaporated in its assage through the evaporator flows through conduit 20 t o the t o of secondary evaporator 5 where it joinst 1e liquid ammonia which is here introduced through conduit 23. Secondary evaporator 5 is so Const ructed and arranged as to surround the upper p'art of absorber 6 und the lower portion 0f conduit 21 which conducfs hydrogen from the upper pagt of the 11b sorber to the Secondary wvaporato'r 5 is provided with a series of bauffle plates 0r disks 39. The liquid amngonia which enters secondary evaporatqr 5 through conduits 23 an'd 20 diffuses intoand evaporates in the p'1esenee. oi the hydrogen in a manner siniilar to that previously described in connection with Fig. 1. A

In Fig. 2, it will li e' seen that evapprahpn serves t0 cool the absorptiori liquid wh1(:h enters the absorberas well as the hydrogen which leaves the absorber. This iS accomplished partly by a1rqnging condu1t 11 t0 pass partly through secondary evaporator 5 ahd partly by transfer of heat from absprptioi1 liquid on the uppe'r disks.in the evqporator t0 th fluid wi-thin the secondaxy evaporator. Three fluids 'are here in heat exc :hange relation: (l) the mix ture of ammoma und h glrogcli,(2) liberatd hydrogen;and (3) a sorption liquid.

T118 ammonia-hydrogen mixture passes fr'om secondary evaporator 5 through couuit 22 to absorber 6 where the ammonia. is

absorbed by' the absorption liquid whiclihas been cooled by the secondary evaporatorx moni a in solution fl%s from absor'ber 6- thrugh conduit 12 to generator 1 in the Same manner as was described in referen c e to Fig.1.

'While wg have described several f9rms of our invention, it is to be understod that we are not limited to the structures shown and described but that the invention is to be gaggad by the s(:ope df the rior art taken in conriection with the appen ed claims.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:

1. Refrigerating apparatus'comprising a generator, a condenser, a, primary evaporator,

a secondary e'va orator, an absorber, conduits connectmg sa1 generato r condenser, pn-

mary evaporator, secondary evaporator und In testimony whereof we have hereunto aflixed our signatures.

BALTZAR CARL VON PLATEN.

CARL GEORG MUNTERS.

SIGURD MATTIAS BCKSTRM.

mabsorber to form a system, said system containing a refrig'erant and an inert gas, a plu combination, a g'enerator, a condenser, a primary evaporator, a secndary evapo'rator, an absorber', means-to conduc t fluid from said generator t o said condenser, from said coudenser to said primary evaporator, from said primary eva orator to said secondany evap- 80 ora tor and rom said secondary evaporator to said absorber, means to conduct a small amount of liquid from said conden er to staid secondary evaporator, gilclation eans between -said generator ai1d absorber und means to conduct fluid from said bsorber to said Primary evaporator in heat exchange 11611111101! with said secondar y evaporat'or.

4. Refrigerating appara'nscomprising, in

combination, a generator, a\ condenser, a ri- 40 mary evaporator, an bsorber, a secon ary evaporator in heat exchange relation with said absorber und means to circulate fluid locally through the absorber, primary evaporator and secondary eva orator, locally .45 through the enerator and a sorber and in a. major cycle, t rough t-he generator, condenser,

primary evaporator, secondary evaporator and absorber.

5. Refrigerating apparatus comprising, in

50 combination, a generator, a 'condenser, a primary evpporator, a, secondary evaporator, an

absorbet, a pluralitybf disks in said primary evaporator, a plurality of disks in said seohd&ry evaporator, &plurality of disks in said absorber, means to conduct fluid from said generator. to said.v condenser, from said condenser to said primary evaporator, from saicl primany (avaporator to said secondary ev&porator, from said secondary evaporator to said absorber and from said absorber to said primary evaporator, the" last passing in hat exchange melation with the secondary pyaporator und circulation li1eans Betweem 65 the generato; und absorber. 

